Image authentication is one of the methods which can detect the any tampering data. The original grayscale document image is converted into stego image by adding the alpha channel plane. The stego image is in the Portable Network Graphics (PNG) format. This stego image is transmitted over the network. The authentication process is applied on the stego image on the receiver side. In the authentication process the data extracted from this stego image is compared with the data computed from the binary version of the stego image. If the data is matched the image is considered to be authentic. Else the tampered blocks are marked and the image is self-repaired using inverse secret sharing scheme.but in other methods they cannot resist the selfsubstitution attack, the same-position-substitution attack, or the cut- off attack. Furthermore, those attacks can be completed by the popular image editing software Adobe Photoshop. We proposed security enhanced authentication scheme. Our proposed scheme is capable of repairing the content of the given stego-image if attacked by the methods mentioned above.

An Artificial Neural Network can be implemented to solve variety of problems. An Artificial Neural Network has been used in different domains like Finances, Marketing, Healthcare, Image Processing, Crime Detection, Weather Forecasting, Economics, Voice Recognition etc…In last few years, Government institutions around the world also started using an Artificial Neural Network on e-governance data. In this paper, an Artificial Neural Network is applied on Vehicle Registration Data to uncover interesting relationship among various attributes.

A compact microcontroller based photoacoustic spectrometer (PAS) has been designed and fabricated. The photoacoustic (PA) cell designed for the present study is of Helmholtz resonator type with a provision to measure the sample behavior as a function of temperature. In this system, an electret microphone is employed to achieve high signal to noise ratio. The microphone compartment is isolated from the sample compartment to avoid the heating effect to the electric microphone which detects the photoacoustic signal. A high-gain low-noise two stage preamplifier, second order bandpass and tunable narrow band-pass filters have been designed with a low noise op-amp LM308 to improve signal quality. C8051F060 microcontroller-based phase sensitive detector has been implemented to measure the amplitude and phase of the signal from the photoacoustic cell. The applications of PAS for phase transition studies on some samples are presented. The designed system is low-cost, very compact and easy to carry the experiments for studying the thermal properties of samples

The fuel energy resources around the globe are declining at a faster rate. The greenhouse gases emitted in the process of harnessing energy from the non-renewable resources such as coal, fossil-fuel and radioactive substances cause the global warming and there is a danger of climate change. All these factors compel the researchers to explore renewable sources for power generation. Wind is a renewable resource, which is available naturally and is practically inexhaustible. In this study, the hourly wind data collected between the years 2013 to 2015 is evaluated. The wind data at the height of 11 m was obtained from a wind station at the Indian Meteorological Department, Colaba (Mumbai, India). The highest monthly wind speed measured was 5.11 m/s and the yearly average was found to be 2.72 m/s. various distribution functions were statistically analyzed and it was observed that the Two-parameter Weibull distribution gives the best fit to the actual data. The mean wind power density was 73.013 W/m2. The maximum wind speeds can be observed between the months of June and September. The wind data analysis shows that if a domestic wind turbine is installed at this site, it will generate enough energy for power saving. This paper aims to promote the growth of small wind power plant in a developing country like India.

In recent years, usage of time series forecasting has been increasing day by day for prediction like, share market, weather forecasting and data analysis. Forecasting of Mackey Glass chaotic time series has been carried out in this paper. It is considered that prediction of a chaotic time series system is a nonlinear, multivariable and multi-modal optimization problem. To get an optimum output of times series, global optimization techniques are required in order to minimize the effect of local optima. Application of recent evolutionary techniques have been considered as pervasive technology for Optimization. In this paper, Fuzzy Logic System (FLS) deals with non-linearity and generates the rule base from training data used for time series forecasting. Further, application of five recent evolutionary techniques have been considered for optimization like Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Gravitational Search Algorithm Particle Swarm Optimization (GSA-PSO),. A comparison for bench mark data of time series forecasting is done using above discussed techniques. it is observed that GA performs better as compared to GSAPSO in both terms, i.e. accuracy and time.

In this study, the combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel produced from Cashew nut shell oil and its blends and diesel fuel were compared. The experiments were performed in a single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine at steady-state conditions over the constant RPM (1500 RPM). During the experiments, the specific fuel consumption (SFC), pollutant emissions like hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen NOx) and smoke, and in-cylinder pressures were measured. The experimental results showed that, biodiesel blends had a 26.79 - 24% reduction in brake thermal relative to diesel fuel. On the other hand, Cashew nut shell oil biodiesel drastically increases CO, HC and smoke, while the NOx emission decreased. The combustion analysis showed that the addition of Cashew nut shell oilbiodiesel to diesel fuel reduced the ignition delay period and also reduced the premixed peak. These results showed that Cashew nut shell oil biodiesel and its blends could be used without any modifications as an alternative fuel in diesel engine

During the planning of urban area economic and social factor are considered. Future growth of economic depends on infrastructure development and utility. Finding an appropriate site for development in the hilly area facing the problem and difficulty for planning as well as implementation. Appropriate site analysis is providing the sure skeleton for conducting various development, particularly in the rising and falling ground associated with the hills with helping of geographic information system and multicriteria evaluation technique to find an appropriate site for development in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. In this process of site selection, some thematic maps layers are prepared using ArcGIS software. Site selection Standards use for analysis such as slope, land use /land cover map, road proximity, digital elevation, flood map and rainfall map. Category weight is given according to importance and maps were converted into raster. In weights, overlay method gives all importance to each category then process to preparation site suitable selection map for development. Using all maps prepare site suitable selection map is created. It is essential for designing spatial analysis map for taking any decision relating to development in which remote sensing facilitate important role. This study is useful for the planner, public, other agency for planning project and implementations in the area.

Leakage power dissipation is a chief alarm in nanometer & deep submicron technologies. In CMOS circuits, leakage current has become major supplier to the whole power dissipation attributable to the unremitting trend of technology scaling. The main objective of this paper is to reduce leakage power dissipation with diverse leakage diminution techniques. We propound a novel seepage decline methodology named “Multi Threshold Null Convention Galeor” which can attain superior leakage power deduction analogize to the other techniques agitate in this paper. In order to extant the rendition of proffer approach, a full adder is schemed and there by demonstrate the power, delay, slew rate and energy. All 27 threshold standard cells are designed and simulated for low power performance; delay evaluation and is presented in this paper.

The addition of two binary numbers is the most fundamental and widely used arithmetic operation. This operation is used in microprocessors, digital signal processors, data processing application specific integrated circuits and many more. ETA (Error Tolerant Adder) is an efficient adder which speeds up binary addition. There is a huge improvement in the power and speed when we use an ETA. For increasing the speed and decreasing the power dissipation, we use the logic that in an adder circuit the delay appears mainly because of the carry propagation and also there is a lot of power dissipation. Design of ETA is done using backend tool under real time simulation conditions and then compares the performance of the ETA in terms of accuracy, delay and power consumption with that of conventional adders. The proposed architecture is then implemented using FPGA.

In this paper the problem of two dimensional, unsteady, laminar, magneto hydro dynamic free convective flow through a porous medium past a vertical plate in the presence of heat absorption and chemical reaction is considered. The Dufour effect is taken into account. The free stream velocity is supposed to follow the exponentially increasing small perturbation law. The non-dimensional governing equations are solved analytically by two-term harmonic and non-harmonic functions. The velocity, temperature and concentration distributions are analyzed for different values of parameters.

Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control (DMAIC) tool used in Six Sigma (invented in 1980’s at Motorola company) is a world-wide renowned quality improvement methodology that is used on removing defects from the products, services and the processes. Even though DMAIC was limited to manufacturing and production industries in its initial applications, has spread to other sectors with its increasing popularity. The researchers have applied DMAIC methodology to improve the student performance and a study was conducted using the DMAIC methodology in the Outcome based Education (OBE) to improve the performance of students and improve the teaching and learning process. The paper discusses about how the DMAIC methodology can be used to improve the outcome of the teaching-learning process and enhance the teaching process by applying quality assurance tools in an engineering education environment

Depletion in rising fuel prices and green-house gas emissions can be aided by electrified transportation. This evolution urges an installation of diversified charging networks, in an adaptable environment, to be successful. Wireless electric vehicle charging systems (WEVCS) can be a probable substitute technology to charge the EVs without any plug-in complications. In this paper, the present-day available wireless power transmit technology for electric vehicle is examined. And explanation of two prime applications of WEVCs and record of their progress with up-to-date features from universities, research laboratories are examined and presented. Moreover, the futuristic WEVCS; in-wheel and vehicle-to-grid WCS are compared with the existing ones

In this paper we are going to study about the failure of traditional buildings structure like cracks in beam column slabs or failure of these component due to various reasons like permanent loading, creep, temperature stress, shrinkage, settlement of foundation, moisture. In this study we will classify the type of failure in component and suggest the method to rehabilitate the component without changing its homogeneity. Study has been to implement the method for the restoration of building with original material keeping in mind that material deviation do not help in proper boning of component

This study is aimed to identify the groundwater recharge potential zones, to be used for better and improved groundwater resources. The thematic layers considered in this study are geomorphology, soil, land use-land cover, slope (%), lithology and lineament, which are prepared using satellite imagery and other conventional data. Each hydro-geomorphic unit is evaluated for its recharge potential and suitably a map showing such groundwater recharge potential zones for appropriate recharge is prepared. The thematic layers are first digitized from satellite imagery, supported by ancillary data such as topo-sheets and field investigation data, finally all thematic layers were generated. Using ArcGIS software the groundwater recharge potential zones for the study area are identified and maps are generated showing groundwater recharge potential zones namely ‘least suitable’, ‘moderately suitable’ and ‘most suitable’ on knowledge based on weighted factors.

The Bengal tiger (with zoological name: Panthera tigris) is the largest among all cat species. The number of mature tigers living in earth is in-between 2,154 to 3,159 individuals and its current population trend is decreasing since its population is severely fragmented. Its major threats come from anthropogenic disturbances, urbanization and lack of sufficient neighbouring animals like deer, bovids, etc. If the tiger population faces threats within their native habitats, ex-situ conservatory measures could be adopted by Governmental agencies to ensure captive breeding in the newly established tiger habitats outside its own.The Study Area of this research is Tamil Nadu, India. In this research has assessed the native habitats of Panthera tigris in Tamil Nadu in terms of its ecological prosperity and also has identified the suitable sites for the establishment of captive breeding sites, for Panthera tigris, in Tamil Nadu. As the final result, a site in Theni district, with an area of 183.04 km2, has been identified (using ‘weighted average’ method) as the proposed site for the ex-situ conservation of this animal species in Tamil Nadu. The software used in this research is ArcGIS 10.4..

Health is a prime factor in an individual’s life. Good health is a priceless blessing in life. It is truly said that, of all things in the world health is the most valuable that one can possess. The famous saying Health is Wealth highlights the importance of good health in our life. Knowledge on health helps in preventing many communicable diseases and benefits the children to enjoy a healthy and productive school life. This study was undertaken to find the knowledge on health among school children in Mangalore city and to know the influence of intervention programme on health among them. Tools used for the study were survey and questionnaire. Sample of 82 children in the age range 10-12 years were taken for the study. A survey was conducted to assess the knowledge on health of children of Mangalore city. Two schools of which one Government and one Aided were selected. After the pretest intervention was administered to 52 children of Aided school and 30 children of Government school. After the intervention, questionnaires were distributed to find the influence of intervention. Data collected by using the questionnaire were scored and tabulated. The enhancement of knowledge from pre-test to post test was found to be 37.5percent on health.

Wind loads are randomly applied dynamic loads. The intensity of the wind pressure on the surface of a structure depends on wind velocity, air density, orientation of the structure, area of contact surface, and shape of the structure. Because of the complexity involved in defining both the dynamic wind load and the behavior of an indeterminate steel structure when subjected to wind loads, the design criteria adopted by building codes and standards have been based on the application of an equivalent static wind pressure. In this project we are going design G+10 residential building (with parking) considering wind load in Ambikapur, Surguja by considering Wind load along with dead and live load in designing the high rise building because wind load exerts horizontal load on building. This load on the structure induces large dynamic motions, including oscillations. We have IS CODE-456:2000, IS CODE 875:1987 and Stadd Pro Software for the design

Digital may be a campaign launched by the government of India to make sure the Government services area unit created obtainable to voters electronically by improved on-line infrastructure and by increasing web connectivity or by creating the country digitally sceptre within the field of technology. The initiative includes plans to attach rural areas with high-speed web networks. Digital Republic of India consists of three core components: the event of secure and stable digital infrastructure, delivering government services digitally, and universal digital acquirement. Digitalization is a word that defines the future. It aims to bridge the gap between the digital haves and have – not by using technology for citizen. India is a country where most of the population resides in villages; hence challenge is data illiteracy and adaptability. In this paper the researcher has collected a feedback from people in whom 75.7% of the respondents were young adult, 19.3% were adult and 5% were old. This study aims to understand the aspects such as digital literacy, accessibility, adaptability of the people. Transparency being an important factor, the study throws light on whether there is any scope of digitalization in India in future. It is understood from the study that people are effective in using digital devices and digital services. People are comfortable in accessing online services and found online transactions easy in execution but one or the other factors have restricted them from doing online transactions. Some of the factors being lack of security, lack of interest, digital illiteracy and difficulty in adaptability. Study revealed that online payment transactions are safe, transparent and very much reliable. It is understood from the study that there is somewhat difficulty in implementing digitalization in India but there is sufficient scope in future.

In this paper we have considered two basic amino acids and obtained the physical property like ultrasonic velocity. Though the main focus of the paper is ultrasonic velocity, but other physical parameters like adiabatic compressibility, apparent molal compressibility, apparent molal volume, limiting apparent molal compressibility, limiting apparent molal volume and their constants, transfer adiabatic compressibility, transfer volume, and viscosity B-coefficient of Jones-Dole equation are obtained in sodium acetate solution. From our study, it is quite clear that temperature has a significant effect on the structure of the amino acids. We have considered two basic amino acids, namely, L-leucine and L-glutamine under the influence of five different temperatures as 300K, 305K, 310K, 315 and 320K.

Integrated urban land-use planning is becoming increasingly complex in India, as there is noticeable migration of rural population towards developed cities. Main reason behind it being, lack of education and employment opportunities, low levels of socioeconomic development, as well as poor urban infrastructural base of rural areas. It is necessary to identify these areas and optimize its poorly developed or vacant spaces, to effectively manage the transformation of India’s underdeveloped and rural areas into developed cities, resulting in development of the Country. This research attempts to present an integrative approach to the problem of land-use planning with the help of a conceptual model. The study examines, congested cities and identifies vacant spaces or underdeveloped areas adjoining them. Based on it, a village - Akole taluka in Ahmednagar district, adjoining two developed cities - Mumbai and Pune, of Maharashtra State, is analyzed for transformation and re-development purpose, through the use of topographic data. Finally, it is aimed at implementing new urbanism principles to the study area and produce a land-use model to maximize the quality of life of its people. Providing useful information for development of planning and design strategies for sustainable urbanization and enhancing quality of life is need of the hour. Therefore, key purpose of this research is to increase productiveness of citizen’s habitat, by optimizing the use of vacant land. This is achieved by proposing an Urban Sustainable Development Model (USDM) readily acceptable to accommodate a large number of permanent populations.

A huge quantity of MSW is generated in Kokrajhar town as compare to its growth rate of population. The open dumping and open burning of solid waste in Kokrajhar town pose a threat to vital components of environment and wellbeing of human welfare. The situation is aggravated by dumping of solid wastes in the drains of adjoining the roads which leads to the blockage of those drains due to which various severe problems such as artificial flood frequently occurs during the rainy days. Waste management of Kokrajhar town is one of the problems which have to tackle in scientific and sustainable way. Kokrajhar Municipality Board (KMB) is making an effort to improve waste management in this region by door to door collection of all the ten wards, still there are lacuna as the result of which significant success have not recorded. The field study was carried out to determine the quantity and characteristics of waste and concluded that the waste composition have higher percentage of organic waste which can be efficiently used as organic manure through biological decomposition process where as recycling and recover would be one of the best options for the inorganic matter of waste. This paper underlines the various factors responsible for the inefficient waste management and providing sustainable solution for the waste management in Kokrajhar town

Aerated concrete is a type of light weight concrete which consist of a binder, fine aggregate and an aerating agent. Aluminium powder is the most commonly used aerating agent and it reacts with calcium hydroxide liberating hydrogen bubbles which causes the air entrainment of the mix. In this paper, study of properties aerated concrete incorporating additives like fly ash as a replacement to cement, which lead to the consumption of waste products. A cement to fine aggregate ratio of 1:2 have been adopted and water cement ratio is fixed as 0.45 by trial and error method.

The amount of rainfall received over an area is an important factor in assessing availability of water to meet various demands for agriculture, industry, irrigation, generation of hydroelectricity and other human activities. In our study, we consider seasonal and periodic time series models for statistical analysis of rainfall data of Punjab, India. In this research paper we apply the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average and Periodic autoregressive model to analyse the rainfall data of Punjab. For evaluation of the model identification and periodic stationarity the statistical tool used are PeACF and PePACF. For model comparison we use Root mean square percentage error and forecast encompassing test. The results of this research will provide local authorities to develop strategic plans and appropriate use of available water resources

To extract regulated power supply from the inputs of unregulated conditions, the zeta converter topology is the major application in the power electronics current mode operation. Zeta convertor can interfaced for high frequency application with a less switching stress and also it obtains regulated output voltage from the given input voltage which varies below and above output voltage, When compared with buck, boost, buck-boost and cuk converter, it gives non pulsating current with reduced settling time with adaptability. For different duty cycles and constant switching frequencies, the zeta converter with resistive load gives better results for buck and boost application.